Many women and girls notice blood clots during menstruation. Vaginal fluids in menses mainly contribute water, common electrolytes, organ moieties, and at least 14 proteins, including glycoproteins. As well as blood, the fluid consists of cervical mucus, vaginal secretions, and endometrial tissue. This blood contains sodium, calcium, phosphate, iron, and chloride, the extent of which depends on the woman. : 381Ībout half of menstrual fluid is blood. Menstrual fluid is reddish-brown, a slightly darker color than venous blood. Menstrual fluid is the correct name for the flow, although many people prefer to refer to it as menstrual blood. The average volume of menstrual fluid during a monthly menstrual period is 35 millilitres (2.4 US tbsp) with 10–80 millilitres (0.68–5.41 US tbsp) considered typical. Bleeding Menstrual cup filled with menstrual fluid Illnesses, certain surgeries, or medical treatments may cause menopause to occur earlier than it might have otherwise. Like the age of menarche, the age of menopause is largely a result of cultural and biological factors. : 381 Menopause before age 45 is considered premature in industrialized countries. The medical definition of menopause is one year without a period and typically occurs between 45 and 55 years in Western countries. Perimenopause is when a woman's fertility declines, and menstruation occurs less regularly in the years leading up to the final menstrual period, when a woman stops menstruating completely and is no longer fertile. The variability increases slightly for women aged 40 to 44 years. The variability of menstrual cycle lengths is highest for women under 25 years of age and is lowest, that is, most regular, for ages 25 to 39 years. The average length is 28 days one study estimated it at 29.3 days. The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women, and 21 to 31 days in adults. The first day of menstrual bleeding is the date used for the last menstrual period (LMP). Menstruation is the most visible phase of the menstrual cycle and its beginning is used as the marker between cycles. The average age of menarche has changed little in the United States since the 1950s. The average age of the first period is generally later in the developing world, and earlier in the developed world. The average age of menarche is 12 to 15 years. The first menstrual period occurs after the onset of pubertal growth, and is called menarche. įurther information: Menstrual cycle Length and duration A lack of periods, known as amenorrhea, is when periods do not occur by age 15 or have not re-occurred in 90 days. Other symptoms some women experience include painful periods and heavy bleeding during menstruation and abnormal bleeding at any time during the menstrual cycle. These include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. Some 20 to 30% of women experience PMS, with 3 to 8% experiencing severe symptoms. Symptoms in advance of menstruation that do interfere with normal life are called premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Up to 80% of women do not experience problems sufficient to disrupt daily functioning either during menstruation or in the days leading up to menstruation. Menstruation, and with it the possibility of pregnancy, ceases after menopause, which usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age. Periods stop during pregnancy and typically do not resume during the initial months of breastfeeding. Bleeding usually lasts around 2 to 7 days. In adults, the range is between 21 and 31 days with the average being 28 days. The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women. Menstruation starting as young as 8 years would still be considered normal. The first period, a point in time known as menarche, usually begins between the ages of 12 and 15. Menstruation is triggered by falling progesterone levels and is a sign that pregnancy has not occurred. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the rise and fall of hormones. Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. Diagram illustrating how the uterus lining builds up and breaks down during the menstrual cycle
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